CIPHER/MODERN CIPHERS

Modern ciphers

Field ciphers, rotor machines and the one construction that is provably unbreakable.

Enigma is the cipher that looks unbeatable on paper and lost a war in practice. Its key space was in the hundred-sextillions and…

PINOV NX…

Playfair was the first practical cipher to encrypt letter *pairs* rather than single letters, and that one design decision bought…

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